The heartland of the Arab and Islamic worlds, Saudi Arabia is a country undergoing a profound and rapid period of change. Home to the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina, it has long been a destination for religious pilgrims. It is leveraging its vast oil wealth to diversify its economy and society through its Vision 2030 plan, opening up to tourism and investing in futuristic megaprojects while navigating its deep-rooted cultural traditions.